錯題解析

5,000 變成 346,600 ——文章給了兩個數字,就是要你動手除一次

英文.第 4 冊.2026/07/26.第 31 題 | 主題:閱讀.數字推算與「差不多」的判讀

題目

 Do you know the Amish, a group of people living mostly in the USA and Canada?
 The Amish started to live in the USA a long time ago. They first arrived about three hundred years ago, found land to farm, and their way of living now is about the same as before.
 In 1920, there were about 5,000 Amish people in the USA, in 1984, about 84,000, and in 2020, about 346,600. Pennsylvania has the most Amish population, 81,500, and Ohio, the second most, 78,280.
 The Amish live a simple life, and it is quite different from ours. For example, they do not own motorcycles or cars. They go around by horse. Almost all of them do not have a television, a radio, or a computer in their house. They do not use a cellphone or the Internet. Food is an important part of their life. They grow their own food on the farm mostly by hand. Though it takes a lot more time, most of them refuse to use modern machines. They want to live their life as simple as possible.
 No one knows if the Amish are going to change their lifestyle in the future, but one thing is for sure. They do enjoy their healthy, happy, and simple way of life.
(population 人口 lifestyle 生活方式)

Q31. What can we learn from the reading?
  1. (A) The Amish have large families.
  2. (B) There are as many Amish people in Pennsylvania as in Ohio. ← 我的答案
  3. (C) The Amish’s life is getting more modern like other Americans.
  4. (D) The Amish population is about seventy times of that the past one hundred years ago. ← 正確答案
我的答案:(B)81,500 和 78,280 看起來「差不多」,但 as many as 要求「一樣多」
正確答案:(D)346,600 ÷ 5,000 ≈ 69.3 ≈ 七十倍
題目原文

錯在哪裡

把「差不多」當成「一樣多」。

文章寫:Pennsylvania has the most Amish population, 81,500, and Ohio, the second most, 78,280.
81,500 和 78,280 確實接近,差了 3,220 人

(B) 用的是 as many … as,意思是「和……一樣多」—— 這是「相等」,不是「接近」。

更關鍵的是:文章自己已經把大小關係講死了。
Pennsylvania has the most(最多)、Ohio the second most(第二多)
——既然分出了第一和第二,就不可能一樣多。

錯因:看到兩個數字很接近就過關,沒有回頭看文章用了 the most / the second most 這組排序詞。
而且 (D) 那個要動手算的選項被跳過了——看到要計算就自動放棄,是這題最可惜的地方。

正確解法

Step 1 文章給了一整排數字,先把它們抄成一行
年份美國阿米許人口備註
1920約 5,000 ≈ 一百年前
1984約 84,000中間值
2020約 346,600 現在
賓州 81,500(最多)
俄亥俄州 78,280(第二多)
各州分布

文章特地給了 1920 和 2020 兩個整整相差一百年的數字 ——這不是巧合,就是要你拿來算。
閱讀題出現「兩個可以配成一對的數字」,先算一次再看選項。

Step 2 算出倍數
2020 年
346,600
÷ 1920 年
5,000
≈ 69.3
→ about 70 times
346,600 ÷ 5,000 = 69.32 → about seventy times

不用算到小數點——先看位數:346,600 大約是 35 萬,5,000 是 5 千。
35 萬 ÷ 5 千 = 70。心算就能到七十上下。

而且 1920 到 2020 剛好是 the past one hundred years(過去一百年), 和選項 (D) 的說法完全對上。

Step 3 四個選項逐一刪
  • (A) The Amish have large families.(阿米許人家庭人口眾多) 文章從頭到尾沒提到「一家有幾個人」。
    人口從 5,000 增加到 346,600 是「總人口」,不等於「每家人很多」 ——這是自己推論出來的,文章沒寫。
  • (B) There are as many Amish people in Pennsylvania as in Ohio. (賓州的阿米許人和俄亥俄州一樣多)
    81,500 ≠ 78,280,而且文章明寫 the mostthe second most
    as many … as = 一樣多,不是「差不多」。
  • (C) The Amish’s life is getting more modern like other Americans. (阿米許人的生活正變得像其他美國人一樣現代)
    完全相反。文章說 their way of living now is about the same as before(生活方式和以前差不多)、 most of them refuse to use modern machines(多數人拒用現代機器)、 They want to live their life as simple as possible(想過得越簡單越好)。
  • (D) The Amish population is about seventy times of that the past one hundred years ago. (阿米許人口約是一百年前的七十倍)
    346,600 ÷ 5,000 ≈ 69.3 ≈ 70 ✓ 1920 → 2020 剛好一百年 ✓

要記住的觀念

  • 文章給一堆數字,就是要你算。 看到兩個可以配成一對的數字(尤其是相差整整 100 年、10 年),先動手除一次或減一次。 不要因為「要計算」就跳過那個選項。
  • 倍數只要抓位數,不必精算。 346,600 ≈ 35 萬,5,000 = 5 千,35 萬 ÷ 5 千 = 70。 選項寫 about(大約),所以估算就夠了。
  • as many/as much … as = 一樣多,是「相等」不是「接近」。 看到 as…as,就要求兩個數字真的相同。
  • 文章用了 the most、the second most,就代表有排序,不可能相等。 最高級和序數是最快的反證。
  • 「總人口變多」≠「每家人變多」。 整體和個體是兩件事,不要自己補推論。 (第 3 冊 7/17 三明治那篇也有「總量 3 億個 = 平均每人一天一個」的換算。)
延伸:這篇文章的重點用法

times = 倍
three times = 三倍seventy times = 七十倍「A 是 B 的幾倍」= A is + 數字 + times + that of B。

refuse to + 原形V = 拒絕做……
most of them refuse to use modern machines

as + 形容詞/副詞 + as possible = 盡可能地……
live their life as simple as possible = 盡可能過得簡單
as soon as possible = 盡快(ASAP)


be different from = 和……不同(不是 different with)
go around = 四處走動 by hand = 用手工 by horse = 騎馬
by + 交通工具(不加冠詞):by bus/by train/by horse

one thing is for sure = 有一件事是確定的
They do enjoy their … way of life. ——這裡的 do 是強調用法(他們「確實」很享受)。 第 2 冊 7/31 那封 Lily Pie 的回信也用過 We did pick up。

類題自我檢測

依照上面那篇文章判斷:

1. 從 1920 到 1984,阿米許人口大約增加了幾倍?
 (A) 約 8 倍 (B) 約 17 倍 (C) 約 40 倍 (D) 約 70 倍

2. Which is true about the Amish?
 (A) They came to the USA about one hundred years ago.
 (B) They grow most of their food by themselves.
 (C) They use cellphones but not the Internet.
 (D) Ohio has the largest Amish population in the USA.

看解答

1. (B) 約 17 倍84,000 ÷ 5,000 = 16.8 ≈ 17 估算法:84,000 ≈ 8 萬 4,5,000 = 5 千,8.4 萬 ÷ 0.5 萬 = 16.8。

2. (B)。文章寫 They grow their own food on the farm mostly by hand.
(A) 錯:They first arrived about three hundred years ago(三百年前), 不是一百年前——一百年前是人口統計的起算點(1920),兩個數字不要混。
(C) 錯:They do not use a cellphone or the Internet ——否定句裡的 or 表示「兩個都不」,手機和網路都不用。
(D) 錯:賓州最多(the most),俄亥俄州第二(the second most)。

(C) 的 or 特別值得記:否定句中的 or =「兩者皆非」, 如果改成 and 反而會變成「不同時使用兩者」,意思就不一樣了。

我的原始作答

原始作答

當時選了 (B),紅筆訂正為 (D)
這題的固定動作:閱讀題出現三個以上的數字,先把它們抄成一排寫在旁邊。
然後看選項——只要選項裡有 times、more than、as many as、most, 就一定要拿數字實際算一次或比一次,不能用「看起來差不多」判斷。

複習標記

看完這一頁順手標一下,紀錄會同步到總覽頁—— 標「有把握」的會被劃掉,標「有疑問」的會被標成琥珀色,可以用「只看有疑問的」單獨叫出來。 再按一次同一顆按鈕就取消。紀錄存在這台裝置的瀏覽器裡。

還沒標記